Доделал источник сообщения

This commit is contained in:
2021-05-03 20:30:57 +03:00
parent 18fcb1de97
commit be30d3421c
4 changed files with 1307 additions and 359 deletions

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
input_code = {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1} input_code = {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
-- Logical sum -- Logical sum
function m2s(a, b) function m2s(a, b)
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ function coder(input_code)
return result, states return result, states
end end
function decoder(input_code)
end
result, states = coder(input_code) result, states = coder(input_code)
for _, v in ipairs(states) do print(v..' ') end for _, v in ipairs(states) do print(v..' ') end

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.2cm, y=-1cm] \begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.2cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$}; \node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$}; \node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
@@ -79,11 +80,13 @@
\trellisIn{6}{01} \trellisIn{6}{01}
\trellisIn{7}{11} \trellisIn{7}{11}
\trellisIn{8}{11} \trellisIn{8}{11}
\end{tikzpicture} \end{tikzpicture}
Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=3$. \caption{Решетка декодера} \label{fig:decoder}
\end{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=2cm, y=-1cm] \begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=2cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$}; \node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$}; \node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
@@ -144,11 +147,13 @@
\trellisIn{0}{11} \trellisIn{0}{11}
\trellisIn{1}{00} \trellisIn{1}{00}
\trellisIn{2}{00} \trellisIn{2}{00}
\end{tikzpicture} \end{tikzpicture}
Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=4$. \caption{Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=3$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=2cm, y=-1cm] \begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=2cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$}; \node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$}; \node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
@@ -226,11 +231,13 @@
\trellisIn{1}{00} \trellisIn{1}{00}
\trellisIn{2}{00} \trellisIn{2}{00}
\trellisIn{3}{01} \trellisIn{3}{01}
\end{tikzpicture} \end{tikzpicture}
Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=5$. \caption{Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=4$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=2cm, y=-1cm] \begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=2cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$}; \node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$}; \node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
@@ -324,11 +331,13 @@
\trellisIn{2}{00} \trellisIn{2}{00}
\trellisIn{3}{01} \trellisIn{3}{01}
\trellisIn{4}{10} \trellisIn{4}{10}
\end{tikzpicture} \end{tikzpicture}
Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=6$. \caption{Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=5$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.8cm, y=-1cm] \begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.8cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$}; \node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$}; \node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
@@ -438,4 +447,648 @@
\trellisIn{3}{01} \trellisIn{3}{01}
\trellisIn{4}{10} \trellisIn{4}{10}
\trellisIn{5}{10} \trellisIn{5}{10}
\end{tikzpicture} \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=6$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.58cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
\node at (-0.5,2) [left] {$s_3=01$};
\node at (-0.5,3) [left] {$s_4=11$};
% Nodes
\foreach \x in {0,...,7} {
\node at (\x,-.7) {$\x$};
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\node (s\x\y) at (\x,\y) [circle,fill=black,scale=0.7] {};
}
}
% Edges
\trellisEdges{0}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{1}
\foreach \x in {2,...,6} {
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\trellisEdges{\x}{\y}
}
}
\draw[activeedge] (s00) -- (s11);
\draw[activeedge] (s11) -- (s22);
\draw[activeedge] (s22) -- (s31);
\draw[activeedge] (s11) -- (s23);
\draw[activeedge] (s23) -- (s33);
\draw[activeedge] (s31) -- (s43);
\draw[activeedge] (s33) -- (s42);
\draw[activeedge] (s42) -- (s51);
\draw[activeedge] (s43) -- (s53);
\draw[activeedge] (s51) -- (s62);
\draw[activeedge] (s53) -- (s63);
\draw[activeedge] (s62) -- (s70);
\draw[activeedge] (s62) -- (s71);
\draw[activeedge] (s63) -- (s72);
\draw[activeedge] (s63) -- (s73);
\node at (0,0) [highlight] {};
\node at (1,0) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (1,1) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,0) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,1) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (2,2) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (2,3) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (3,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (3,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (3,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (2.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (0.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (5,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (6,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (5.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac54$};
\node at (7,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac54$};
\node at (7,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {$\frac61$};
\node at (7,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {$\frac43$};
\node at (6.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
% Inputs and Outputs
\node at (-0.5,4) [left, align=right] {Входная\\пара};
\trellisIn{0}{11}
\trellisIn{1}{00}
\trellisIn{2}{00}
\trellisIn{3}{01}
\trellisIn{4}{10}
\trellisIn{5}{10}
\trellisIn{6}{01}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=7$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.36cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
\node at (-0.5,2) [left] {$s_3=01$};
\node at (-0.5,3) [left] {$s_4=11$};
% Nodes
\foreach \x in {0,...,8} {
\node at (\x,-.7) {$\x$};
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\node (s\x\y) at (\x,\y) [circle,fill=black,scale=0.7] {};
}
}
% Edges
\trellisEdges{0}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{1}
\foreach \x in {2,...,7} {
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\trellisEdges{\x}{\y}
}
}
\draw[activeedge] (s00) -- (s11);
\draw[activeedge] (s11) -- (s22);
\draw[activeedge] (s22) -- (s31);
\draw[activeedge] (s31) -- (s43);
\draw[activeedge] (s43) -- (s53);
\draw[activeedge] (s53) -- (s63);
\draw[activeedge] (s63) -- (s72);
\draw[activeedge] (s63) -- (s73);
\draw[activeedge] (s72) -- (s80);
\draw[activeedge] (s72) -- (s81);
\draw[activeedge] (s73) -- (s82);
\draw[activeedge] (s73) -- (s83);
\node at (0,0) [highlight] {};
\node at (1,0) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (1,1) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,0) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,1) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (2,2) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (2,3) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (3,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (3,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (3,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (2.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (0.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (5,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (6,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (5.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (7,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (6.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {$\frac61$};
\node at (8,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {$\frac43$};
\node at (8,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac54$};
\node at (8,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac54$};
\node at (7.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
% Inputs and Outputs
\node at (-0.5,4) [left, align=right] {Входная\\пара};
\trellisIn{0}{11}
\trellisIn{1}{00}
\trellisIn{2}{00}
\trellisIn{3}{01}
\trellisIn{4}{10}
\trellisIn{5}{10}
\trellisIn{6}{01}
\trellisIn{7}{11}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=8$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.2cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
\node at (-0.5,2) [left] {$s_3=01$};
\node at (-0.5,3) [left] {$s_4=11$};
% Nodes
\foreach \x in {0,...,9} {
\node at (\x,-.7) {$\x$};
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\node (s\x\y) at (\x,\y) [circle,fill=black,scale=0.7] {};
}
}
% Edges
\trellisEdges{0}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{1}
\foreach \x in {2,...,8} {
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\trellisEdges{\x}{\y}
}
}
\draw[activeedge] (s00) -- (s11);
\draw[activeedge] (s11) -- (s22);
\draw[activeedge] (s22) -- (s31);
\draw[activeedge] (s31) -- (s43);
\draw[activeedge] (s43) -- (s53);
\draw[activeedge] (s53) -- (s63);
\draw[activeedge] (s63) -- (s72);
\draw[activeedge] (s72) -- (s80);
\draw[activeedge] (s72) -- (s81);
\draw[activeedge] (s80) -- (s90);
\draw[activeedge] (s80) -- (s91);
\draw[activeedge] (s81) -- (s93);
\draw[activeedge] (s81) -- (s92);
\node at (0,0) [highlight] {};
\node at (1,0) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (1,1) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,0) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,1) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (2,2) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (2,3) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (3,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (3,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (3,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (2.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (0.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (5,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (6,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (5.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (7,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (6.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (8,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (8,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (8,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (9,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {$\frac34$};
\node at (9,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {$\frac16$};
\node at (9,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac45$};
\node at (9,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac45$};
\node at (8.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
% Inputs and Outputs
\node at (-0.5,4) [left, align=right] {Входная\\пара};
\trellisIn{0}{11}
\trellisIn{1}{00}
\trellisIn{2}{00}
\trellisIn{3}{01}
\trellisIn{4}{10}
\trellisIn{5}{10}
\trellisIn{6}{01}
\trellisIn{7}{11}
\trellisIn{8}{11}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Сегмент решетки декодера от $t=0$, до $t=9$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{landscape}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.4cm, y=-1cm]
\node at (-0.5,0) [left] {$s_1=00$};
\node at (-0.5,1) [left] {$s_2=10$};
\node at (-0.5,2) [left] {$s_3=01$};
\node at (-0.5,3) [left] {$s_4=11$};
% Nodes
\foreach \x in {0,...,12} {
\node at (\x,-.7) {$\x$};
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\node (s\x\y) at (\x,\y) [circle,fill=black,scale=0.7] {};
}
}
% Edges
\trellisEdges{0}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{0}
\trellisEdges{1}{1}
\foreach \x in {2,...,11} {
\foreach \y in {0,...,3} {
\trellisEdges{\x}{\y}
}
}
\draw[activeedge] (s00) -- (s11);
\draw[activeedge] (s11) -- (s22);
\draw[activeedge] (s22) -- (s31);
\draw[activeedge] (s31) -- (s43);
\draw[activeedge] (s43) -- (s53);
\draw[activeedge] (s53) -- (s63);
\draw[activeedge] (s63) -- (s72);
\draw[activeedge] (s72) -- (s80);
\draw[activeedge] (s80) -- (s91);
\draw[activeedge] (s91) -- (10,2);
\draw[activeedge] (s91) -- (10,3);
\draw[activeedge] (10,2) -- (11,0);
\draw[activeedge] (10,3) -- (11,2);
\draw[activeedge] (10,3) -- (11,3);
\draw[activeedge] (11,0) -- (12,0);
\draw[activeedge] (11,2) -- (12,1);
\draw[activeedge] (11,3) -- (12,2);
\draw[activeedge] (11,3) -- (12,3);
\node at (0,0) [highlight] {};
\node at (1,0) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (1,1) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,0) [highlight,label=left:{$0$}] {};
\node at (2,1) [highlight,label=left:{$2$}] {};
\node at (2,2) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (2,3) [highlight,label=left:{$1$}] {};
\node at (3,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (3,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (3,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (2.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (0.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (4,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (3.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (5,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (5,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (4.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (6,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (6,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (5.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (7,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (6.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (5.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (4.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (8,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (8,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (8,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (7.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (3.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (1.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (9,0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {};
\node at (9,1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {};
\node at (9,2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (9,3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {};
\node at (8.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (7.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (6.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (10, 0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac45$};
\node at (10, 1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac45$};
\node at (10, 2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {$\frac34$};
\node at (10, 3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {$\frac16$};
\node at (9.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (9.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (9.5,2.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (9.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (11, 0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {$\frac63$};
\node at (11, 1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {$\frac45$};
\node at (11, 2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac52$};
\node at (11, 3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac52$};
\node at (10.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (10.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (10.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (12, 0) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{0}{2}$}] {$\frac34$};
\node at (12, 1) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{2}{0}$}] {$\frac52$};
\node at (12, 2) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac53$};
\node at (12, 3) [highlight,label=left:{$\frac{1}{1}$}] {$\frac53$};
\node at (11.5,1) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (11.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (11.5,1.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (11.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (10.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (9.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (9.5,0.5) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,0) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (8.5,2) [text=red] {$\times$};
\node at (2.5,3) [text=red] {$\times$};
% Inputs and Outputs
\node at (-0.5,4) [left, align=right] {Входная\\пара};
\trellisIn{0}{11}
\trellisIn{1}{00}
\trellisIn{2}{00}
\trellisIn{3}{01}
\trellisIn{4}{10}
\trellisIn{5}{10}
\trellisIn{6}{01}
\trellisIn{7}{11}
\trellisIn{8}{11}
\trellisIn{9}{10}
\trellisIn{10}{11}
\trellisIn{11}{00}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Полная решетка декодера.}
\end{figure}
\end{landscape}

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@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc} \usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc}
\usepackage{pdflscape} \usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{float} \usepackage{float}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\DeclareSymbolFont{T2Aletters}{T2A}{cmr}{m}{it} \DeclareSymbolFont{T2Aletters}{T2A}{cmr}{m}{it}
\graphicspath{ {./images/} } \graphicspath{ {./images/} }
\pgfplotsset{width=10cm,compat=1.9}
% Установки для отрисовки решеток кодера % Установки для отрисовки решеток кодера
\tikzstyle{lightedge}=[dashed] \tikzstyle{lightedge}=[dashed]
@@ -56,16 +58,115 @@
\author{Анатолий Копыл} \author{Анатолий Копыл}
\title{Курсовая работа} \title{Расчёт основных характеристик цифровой системы связи с использованием квадратурной модуляции}
\begin{document} \begin{document}
% НАЧАЛО ТИТУЛЬНОГО ЛИСТА
\makeatletter
\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}
\hfill \break
\footnotesize{ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ}\\
\footnotesize{ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ}\\
\small{\textbf{«Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М. А. Бонч-Бруевича»}}\\
\hfill \break
\normalsize{Факультет инфокоммуникационных сетей и систем}\\
\hfill \break
\normalsize{Кафедра теоретических основ связи и радиотехники}\\
\hfill\break
\hfill \break
\hfill \break
\hfill \break
\large{ \@title }\\
\hfill \break
\hfill \break
\normalsize{Учебная дисциплина <<Теория электрической связи>>}\\
\hfill \break
\hfill \break
\hfill \break
\normalsize{Курсовая работа}\\
\hfill \break
\hfill \break
\end{center}
\hfill \break
\hfill \break
\normalsize{
\hfill\begin{minipage}{\dimexpr\textwidth-6cm}
Студент группы ИКТО-91 Копыл А. В.\\
зачетная книжка № 1905141\\\\
Руководитель \underline{\hspace{4cm}}
\end{minipage}
}\\
\vfill
\begin{center} Санкт-Петербург 2021 \end{center}
\thispagestyle{empty} % выключаем отображение номера для этой страницы
\end{titlepage}
\makeatother
% КОНЕЦ ТИТУЛЬНОГО ЛИСТА
\newpage
Цель курсовой работы -- изучить и разработать систему цифровой связи,
оптимальную в отношении флуктуационной помехи и исключающую появления
межсимвольной помехи.
\section{Структурная схема системы\\цифровой связи}
Система связи предназначена для передачи аналоговых сообщений
по цифровому каналу связи.
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{struct_scheme}
\caption{Структурная схема цифровой системы связи}
\label{fig:struct_scheme}
\end{figure}
В систему входят следующие функциональные узлы с последующими назначениями:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Источник сообщений -- создает реализации $a(t)$ случайного
процесса $A(t)$.
\item Аналого-цифровой преобразователь -- преобразует аналоговый
сигнал от источника сообщения в последовательность
двоичных отсчетов $b(t)$.
\item Кодер -- включает в цифровой поток от АЦП дополнительные
символы, предназначенные для повышения помехоустойчивости системы
связи;
\item Формирователь модулирующих символов -- служит для получения
модулирующих сигналов $I(t)$ и $Q(t)$, соответствующих заданному
виду модуляции;
\item Сглаживающие формирующие фильтры (СФФ1, СФФ2);
\item Перемножители -- для получения БМ сигналов: синфазного
$I(t)\cos{\omega_Ct}$ и квадратурного $Q(t)\sin{\omega_Ct}$.
\item Фазовращатель -- для получения второго несущего колебания,
ортогонального по отношению к первому;
\item Генератор гармонических колебаний -- для получения несущего
колебания;
\item Инвертор;
\item Сумматор -- для объединения синфазного и квадратурного
сигналов в единый сигнал с квадратурной модуляцией
$S_{КАМ}(t) = I(t)\cos{\omega_Ct} + Q(t)\sin{\omega_Ct}$;
\item Непрерывный канал -- среда распространения сигнала
$S_{КАМ}(t)$;
\item Демодулятор -- для анализа приходящего сигнала,
искаженного помехами, и принятии решения о переданном сообщении;
\item Преобразователь параллельного кода в последовательный код --
для преобразования сигнала с выхода демодулятора в
последовательный формат кодовых комбинаций;
\item Декодер -- для исправления части ошибок, возникших при приёме
сообщения $\hat{b}(t)$ вследствие влияния помех;
\item Цифро-аналоговый преобразователь -- для восстановления
аналоговой формы сигнала $\hat{a}(t)$ из его цифрового представления;
\item Получатель сообщений.
\end{enumerate}
\section{Исходные данные} \section{Исходные данные}
\[ m=41 \] $m=41$
\begin{center} \begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | p{5cm} | p{5cm} | p{5cm} | } \begin{tabular}{ | p{5cm} | p{5cm} | p{5cm} | }
\hline \hline
Предельные уровни аналогового сигнала \(a_{min}\), \(a_{max}\) (В) & \(a_{max}=25,6\) В;\newline\(a_{min}=-25,6\) В & Внести свои данные \\ Предельные уровни аналогового сигнала \(a_{мин}\), \(a_{макс}\) (В) & \(a_{макс}=25,6\) В;\newline\(a_{мин}=-25,6\) В & Внести свои данные \\
\hline \hline
Верхняя частота спектра аналогового сигнала \(f_В\) & \(f_В =(1+m\cdot 10^{-2})\cdot 10^4\) & \(f_В =14100\) \\ Верхняя частота спектра аналогового сигнала \(f_В\) & \(f_В =(1+m\cdot 10^{-2})\cdot 10^4\) & \(f_В =14100\) \\
\hline \hline
@@ -73,20 +174,207 @@
\hline \hline
Спектральная плотность мощности флуктуационной помехи & 41 & \(N_0=2,3\cdot 10^{-7}\, В^2/Гц\)\\ Спектральная плотность мощности флуктуационной помехи & 41 & \(N_0=2,3\cdot 10^{-7}\, В^2/Гц\)\\
\hline \hline
q - номер тактового интервала ошибки & \(q=m\mod{3}+1\) & \(q=3\)\\ q -- номер тактового интервала ошибки & \(q=m\mod{3}+1\) & \(q=3\)\\
\hline \hline
Вид модуляции & КАМ-16 & \\ Вид модуляции & КАМ-16 & \\
\hline \hline
\end{tabular} \end{tabular}
\end{center} \end{center}
\section{Аналого-цифровой преобразователь} \section{Расчет составляющих системы цифровой связи}
\subsection{Источник сообщений}
Источник сообщения (ИС) вырабатывает реализации $a(t)$ стационарного
случайного процесса $A(t)$, типа квазибелого шума с параметрами
$a_{мин}$, $a_{макс}$ и $f_В$. Мгновенные значения сообщения
равновероятны в интервале от значения $a_{мин}$ и до значения
$a_{макс}$.
Требуется:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Написать аналитические выражения для плотности вероятности
$w(а)$ мгновенных значений сообщения, функции распределения $F(a)$ и
построить их графики (рис. \ref{fig:prob_plots}).
\[ w(a)=\frac{1}{a_{макс}-a_{мин}}=\frac1\Delta=\frac{1}{25,6+25,6}=0,02 \]
\[ F(a)=\int^a_{-\infty}w(a)da=
\int^a_{a_{мин}}\frac{1}{\Delta}da=
\begin{cases}
1, & a > a_{макс}\\
\frac{a-a_{мин}}{\Delta}, & a_{мин} \leq a \leq a_{макс}\\
0, & a < a_{мин}
\end{cases}\]
где $\Delta = a_{макс}-a_{мин}=51,2\, В$.
% Графики
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\amin}{-25.6}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\amax}{25.6}
\begin{axis}[
width=6cm,height=4cm,
axis lines = left,
xlabel = $a$,
ylabel = {$F(a)$},
xmin=-40, xmax=40,
ymin=0, ymax=1.25,
]
\addplot [
domain=-40:\amin,
color=red,
]
{0};
\addplot [
domain=\amin:\amax,
samples=2,
color=red,
]
{(x-\amin) / 51.2};
\addplot [
domain=\amax:40,
color=red,
]
{1};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\amin}{-25.6}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\amax}{25.6}
\begin{axis}[
width=6cm,height=4cm,
axis lines = left,
xlabel = $a$,
ylabel = {$w(a)$},
xmin=-40, xmax=40,
ymin=0, ymax=0.03,
]
\addplot [
domain=-40:\amin,
color=blue,
]
{0};
\addplot [
domain=\amin:\amax,
samples=2,
color=blue,
]
{0.02};
\addplot [
domain=\amax:40,
color=blue,
]
{0};
\draw [dashed] (axis cs:\amin,0) -- (axis cs:\amin,0.02);
\draw [dashed] (axis cs:\amax,0) -- (axis cs:\amax,0.02);
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Графики функции распределения и плотности вероятности}
\label{fig:prob_plots}
\end{figure}
\item Рассчитать математическое ожидание $\overline{A(t)}$ и
дисперсию $D\{A(t)\}$ сообщения $A(t)$.
\[ \overline{A(t)}=\int^\infty_{-\infty}a\cdot w(a)da=
\int^{a_{макс}}_{a_{мин}}a \frac{1}{a_{макс}-a_{мин}} da=
\frac{a^2}{2\Delta} \Biggr|^{a_{макс}}_{a_{мин}}\! =
\frac{a_{макс}^2-a_{мин}^2}{2\Delta}=0 \]
\begin{align*}\begin{split}
D\{A(t)\}&=\int^\infty_{-\infty}(a-\overline{A(t)})^2 w(a)da=
\int^{a_{макс}}_{a_{мин}}a^2w(a)da\\
&=\frac{a^3}{3\Delta}\Biggr|^{a_{макс}}_{a_{мин}}\!
=\frac{a_\text{min}^2+a_\text{max}a_\text{min}+a_\text{max}^2}{3}
=218,5
\end{split}\end{align*}
\item Написать аналитическое выражение для спектральной плотности
мощности $G_A(f)$ сообщения $A(t)$ и построить график
(рис. \ref{fig:spectr_plot}).
\[ G_A(f)=\frac{D\{A(t)\}}{2f_В}=\frac{218,5}{2\cdot1,41\cdot 10^4}
=7,7 \,мВ^2/Гц \]
\[ G_A(f)=\begin{cases}
7,7 \,мВ^2/Гц, & |f| \leq f_B\\
0, & |f| > f_B
\end{cases} \]
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\fv}{14100}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Gaf}{0.0077}
\begin{axis}[
width=6cm,height=4cm,
axis lines = left,
ylabel = {$G_A(f)$},
xmin=-\fv*1.5, xmax=\fv*1.5,
ymin=0, ymax=\Gaf*1.5,
]
\addplot [
domain=-\fv*1.5:-\fv,
color=blue,
]
{0};
\addplot [
domain=-\fv:\fv,
samples=2,
color=blue,
]
{\Gaf};
\addplot [
domain=\fv:\fv*1.5,
color=blue,
]
{0};
\draw [dashed] (axis cs:-\fv,0) -- (axis cs:-\fv,\Gaf);
\draw [dashed] (axis cs:\fv,0) -- (axis cs:\fv,\Gaf);
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{График спектральной плотности мощности.}
\label{fig:spectr_plot}
\end{figure}
\item Найти аналитическое выражение для корреляционной функции
$B_A(\tau)$ сообщения $A(t)$ и построить график
(рис. \ref{fig:coorel_plot}).
По форме графика $B_A(\tau)$ определить,
является ли сообщение $A(t)$ эргодическим случайным процессом
или не является таковым.
\begin{align*}\begin{split}
B_A(\tau)&=\int^\infty_{-\infty}\frac{G_A(f)}{2}e^{j2\pi f\tau}df
=\int^{f_B}_{-f_B}\frac{G_A}{2}\cos{2\pi f\tau}df\\
&=\frac{G_A}2 \frac{\sin{2\pi f \tau}}{2\pi \tau}\Biggr|^{f_B}_{-f_B}
=G_A\frac{\sin{2\pi f_B \tau}}{2\pi\tau}
\end{split}\end{align*}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\PI}{3.14159}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\fv}{14100}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Ga}{0.0077}
\begin{axis}[
width=10cm,height=6cm,
axis lines = left,
ylabel = {$B_A(\tau)$},
xlabel = {$\tau$},
]
\addplot [
color=blue,
samples=100,
domain=-0.01:0.01,
]
{\Ga*(sin(2*\PI*\fv*x))/(2*\PI*x)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{График корреляционной функции $B_A(\tau)$.}
\label{fig:coorel_plot}
\end{figure}
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{Аналого-цифровой преобразователь}
\[ \Delta t \leq \frac{1}{2f_B}=\frac1 {2\cdot 14100} = 3,546\cdot 10^{-5}\, с \] \[ \Delta t \leq \frac{1}{2f_B}=\frac1 {2\cdot 14100} = 3,546\cdot 10^{-5}\, с \]
\[ f_d=\frac{1}{\Delta t}\geq 2f_B=\frac{1}{3,546\cdot 10^{-5}}=28200 \] \[ f_d=\frac{1}{\Delta t}\geq 2f_B=\frac{1}{3,546\cdot 10^{-5}}=28200 \]
\[ 377_{10}=101111001_2 \] \[ 377_{10}=101111001_2 \]
\[ k=9;\, L=2^9 = 512 \] \[ k=9;\, L=2^9 = 512 \]
\section{Кодер} \subsection{Кодер}
\begin{center} \begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{coder} \includegraphics[scale=0.8]{coder}
@@ -99,7 +387,7 @@
\end{tabular} \end{tabular}
\end{center} \end{center}
\subsection{Решетка кодера} \subsubsection{Решетка кодера}
\input{coder} \input{coder}
@@ -107,13 +395,16 @@
\[T_В=\frac{\Delta t}{2k}=\frac{3,546\cdot 10^{-5}}{2\cdot 9}= \[T_В=\frac{\Delta t}{2k}=\frac{3,546\cdot 10^{-5}}{2\cdot 9}=
1,97\cdot 10^{-6}\,с\] 1,97\cdot 10^{-6}\,с\]
\section{Декодер} \subsection{Декодер}
По каналу передавался код \(\overline{u}=11 10 00 01 10 10 01 11 11\). По каналу передавался код \(\overline{u}=11 10 00 01 10 10 01 11 11\).
Ошибка произошла на тактовом интервале \(q=3\). Ошибка произошла на тактовом интервале \(q=3\).
Таким образом, на вход декодера поступает последовательность Таким образом, на вход декодера поступает последовательность
\(\overline{Z}=11 \dot{0}0 00 01 10 10 01 11 11\). Точкой обозначен ошибочно принятый символ. \(\overline{Z}=11 \overset{\times}{0} 0 00 01 10 10 01 11 11\). Крестиком обозначен ошибочно принятый символ.
\subsection{Диаграмма декодера} \subsubsection{Диаграмма декодера}
\input{decoder} \input{decoder}
Наложив полученный путь на решетку кодера, узнаем декодированное слово.
$\overline{m}_{получ}=101111001$
\end{document} \end{document}